QAQC in Construction

  Soil compaction is an operation common to most construction projects and increases the strength and stability of soils to support earthworks, structures, and pavements. Techniques to achieve maximum soil density are well known, and the outcomes can be tested and quantified using standard methods. Soil material is placed in layers, or lifts, in depths from a few inches to a foot or more, and compaction equipment rolls, kneads, vibrates, or sometimes uses dead-weight to consolidate the soil. The Right Kind of Compaction Test Specifications for soil compaction are established during the design phase of the project and depend on both total loads anticipated and whether those loads will be static or dynamic. Judging the adequacy of compaction efforts using qualitative measurements like penetration resistance or observation of wheel traffic is not sufficient to determine if the specifications have been met. Standard Proctor specifications (ASTM  D698  / AASHTO  T 99 ) wo...

  As shown in the detailed infographic above, there are many construction jobs involved in the finishing of a 5 marla house. Please note the sub-totals for different categories have been highlighted in the infographic. You can find the details of these figures under different headings below. TILES AND MARBLE People constructing a double-unit 5 marla house usually go for tiles. Good quality Master tiles are preferred in high-end smaller houses. Here is a breakdown of the tiles used in the house. Around 158 tiles are needed to construct the flooring of the house at the rate of PKR 2,000. This excludes garage, terrace, and bathroom tiles. The total cost of the flooring would be PKR 316,000 65 Master tiles are needed to construct the bathrooms. The rate of the tiles is PKR 1,500 sq. meter. which would cost around PKR 97,500 In building the terrace of the house, you would need 18 tiles at the rate of PKR 1,500 per sq. meter. The total cost incurred in constructing laying the floor of th...

  Building a 5 marla house requires smart planning. You need to hire a reliable team of laborers, choose the right construction materials, work on the design and layout of the house and plan your finances accordingly. For your convenience, we have brought a complete breakdown of the construction cost of a 5 marla house. So, without further ado, let us take a look at the thorough analysis of the budget for a 5 marla house in 2020. CONSTRUCTION COST OF A 5 MARLA HOUSE IN 2020 If you’re wondering how much money goes into the construction of a 5 marla house in 2020, then continue to read this piece. COVERED AREA The covered area for a double-story 5 marla house is 1,925 sq. ft. The first floor and the second floor each have a covered area of 875 per sq. ft. There are two kitchens, three bedrooms with attached bathrooms, and a mumtee. Tiles are used as the flooring of the house and marble is used on the stairs and on kitchen shelves only. Let us divide the construction cost of a 5 marla...

What is Quality Control Plan? For construction projects, quality control means making sure things are done according to the plans, specifications, and permit requirements. The days of easy federal money seem to be over, making it imperative that communities get the most out of their infrastructure projects. One of the best ways to assure good construction projects is to use an inspector. The first step an inspector should take is to become familiar with the plans, specifications, and permit requirements and, equally important, to have some common sense.  Table of Contents: QCP Plan Cover Sheet  QCP Plan Acknowledgement  Table of Contents  Organizational Chart  Resumes and Certifications Documentation Quality Contol Manager Responsibility  Stop Work Authorization Letter (Format) Major Definable Features of Work (Survey, Excavation, Concrete, Steel, etc.) Three Phases of Inspection Quality Control Testing and Verifications Tests and Records  Testing Agen...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-96190-3_5 ABSTRACT: The quality of irrigation waters differs in various regions, countries and locations based on how the groundwater has been extracted and used, the rainfall intensity and subsequent aquifer recharge. The use of groundwater for agriculture in hot arid countries where rainfall is scarce leads to increase groundwater salinity and limits the selection of crops for cultivation. It is therefore important to determine the irrigation water quality. The concentration and composition of soluble salts in water determines its quality for irrigation. Four basic criteria for evaluating water quality for irrigation purposes are described, including water salinity (EC), sodium hazard (sodium adsorption ratio-SAR), residual sodium carbonates (RSC) and ion toxicity. Toxicities of boron and chlorides to plants are described. More specifically the relative tolerance levels of plants to boron is tabulated for easy understanding. The mos...