Article, item, material, or supply consumed or used in a construction project and incorporated in the constructed building or structure.
Concrete is a composite material composed of Coarse Aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time.
QA/QC is the combination of quality assurance, the process or set of processes used to measure and assure the quality of a product, and quality control, the process of ensuring products and services meet consumer expectations.
Aggregates are inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that, along with water and portland cement, are an essential ingredient in concrete. For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong particles free of absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the deterioration of concrete. Aggregates, which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total volume of concrete, are divided into two distinct categories--fine and coarse. Fine aggregates generally consist of natural sand or crushed stone with most particles passing through a 3/8-inch sieve. Coarse aggregates are any particles greater than 0.19 inches but generally range between 3/8 and 1.5 inches in diameter. Gravels constitute the majority of coarse aggregate used in concrete with crushed stone making up most of the remainder. Natural gravel and sand are usually dug or dredged from a pit, river, lake, or seabed. Crushed aggregate is produced by crushing quarry r...
Once you obtained the Approval of Material (SAM) for the certain material. You are now ready to check the material arrived on site. Now! This might be your question “What if the material arrived is not yet approved, what will I do?” Here is what you will do and in case that the material is being reviewed by consultant and it’s eventually be approved later then you may still submit the material inspection with comment as “Awaiting approval.” Here are the steps to follow to checking the materials on your site at the first time. 1. Obtain Delivery Note: Always ask your storekeeper for the arrived material on site and collect the delivery note of that. Just make a routine every morning or every other day on this task, especially if the project has just started. It is expected that there will be volumes of materials that will be arriving. This should be your initiative as a quality assurance and quality control engineer, be proactive on this task. In case you are handling subcontractor, th...
ABSTRACT: Corrosive soils are responsible for the deterioration of buried underground utilities such as buried steel pipes. Frequent pipe failures are reported due to corrosive soil globally. Although soil’s corrosion phenomenon has been understood and identified long time ago, pipe failures due to corrosive soil are uncontrollable and unavoidable despite the use of protective coatings and techniques such as cathodic protection. Therefore, it is essential to review the causes of soil’s corrosivity for the protection of steel pipes. This chapter demonstrates the influence of varying moisture and chloride contents of soils on the corrosion of coated and uncoated steel pipes. Carbon steel specimens (coated and uncoated) were buried in soils of 20, 40, 60, and 80 wt.% moisture content, respectively, while the chloride concentration introduced in soil was 0, 5, and 10 wt.%, respectively. Through the analysis of experiments, it is revealed that the corrosion rate of pipes buried in soil ...
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