QAQC in Construction

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-96190-3_5 ABSTRACT: The quality of irrigation waters differs in various regions, countries and locations based on how the groundwater has been extracted and used, the rainfall intensity and subsequent aquifer recharge. The use of groundwater for agriculture in hot arid countries where rainfall is scarce leads to increase groundwater salinity and limits the selection of crops for cultivation. It is therefore important to determine the irrigation water quality. The concentration and composition of soluble salts in water determines its quality for irrigation. Four basic criteria for evaluating water quality for irrigation purposes are described, including water salinity (EC), sodium hazard (sodium adsorption ratio-SAR), residual sodium carbonates (RSC) and ion toxicity. Toxicities of boron and chlorides to plants are described. More specifically the relative tolerance levels of plants to boron is tabulated for easy understanding. The mos...

Prime coat typically is application of low viscosity Bitumen over a granular base, preparing it for laying an asphalt mixture on it. A prime coat performs several important functions. Coats and bonds loose material particles on the surface of the base. Hardens or toughens the surface of the base. Waterproofs the surface of the base by plugging capillary or interconnected voids Provides adhesion or bond between the base and the asphalt mixture. Bitumen emulsions used for Prime Coat are Cationic Slow Setting Emulsion 1 and Cationic Slow Setting Emulsion 2 as per latest MoRTH specifications.

Major factor should be considered when placing the concrete on-site delivered from the batching plant/Mixing plant, Many and varied below:- Ambient temperature (The Weather During the Casting Time) Specification for the Mix Design Sub-grade Condition Type of Installation (Lean, Structure, Column, Beam, etc.) Form Securement Type of reinforcement Sufficient personnel capable of placing the concrete. Pouring Rate Height of Free Fall of Concrete must not be more than 1.2 m. Avoid Cold Joints

Common Concrete Pouring Issues 1. AIR LOSS: During concrete pouring, air loss can cause problems. Several factors lead to this, such as long vertical drops, high initial slump, increase in pressure, or drop in exit. For every 1% decrease in air, strength decreases by 4-5%. You can fix this problem by adding a gate at the end of the pump line for restriction. It also helps to keep the boom in an upward or horizontal position as much as possible. If this can’t be done you can put multiple 90 degree elbows into the line to slow down concrete, minimizing the straight dropout. 2. BUG HOLES: Bug holes are evident by a small void on the outside of formed concrete surfaces. These come from poor application of form release agents to form-work or completely forgoing their use entirely. It can also come from stiff or sticky concrete mixtures. This can also be caused by poorly placed internal concrete vibrators. To solve the problem of bug holes, make sure release agents are applied...

Method statements, sometimes called ‘a safe system of work’ are documents that detail the way in which tasks should be completed to adhere to safe working practices. But how do you write them?  What tasks do you need them for? And how do they help you win business? There's method to this madness! Method statements demonstrate that you’re doing things safely and legally, which can give you a  competitive edge when pitching for projects and they usually go hand in hand with Risk Assessments. Do I need a Method Statement? Method Statements are frequently requested as part of tender processes to gain an insight into your  organisation and the way you operate. It’s your opportunity to show how you’ll provide goods and  services in a safe and high-quality manner. Writing a Method Statement may seem like a daunting task, but this article will guide you through  the process and enable you to approach Method Statements with confidence. Wha...